See raffa on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"roufen",
"roufen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"roufen",
"roufen#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*raupijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raupijan"
],
[
"raufen",
"raufen#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "roufen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German roufen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "goh",
"3": "roufen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German roufen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raupijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raupijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raufen"
},
"expansion": "German raufen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German roufen, from Old High German roufen, from Proto-West Germanic *raupijan. Cognate with German raufen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "raffa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "graft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raffad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rafst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "raft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rafts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffads",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "raffan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rafts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "raufn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Bavarian",
"Central",
"East"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pp": "graft"
},
"expansion": "raffa (past participle graft)",
"name": "bar-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Bavarian terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "48 15 8 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 11 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to brawl, to scuffle, to fight"
],
"id": "en-raffa-bar-verb-MMMBrx0w",
"links": [
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
],
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrafːɐ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q29540 (bar)-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afːɐ"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"arraffare",
"arraffare#Italian"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Italian:_deverbal"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arraffare",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "deverbal from arraffare + -a",
"name": "it-deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a deverbal from arraffare + -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "raffa f (uncountable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 11 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "di riffa o di raffa"
},
{
"word": "a ruffa raffa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a word of undetermined meaning, only used in a few locutions"
],
"id": "en-raffa-it-noun-KCycDZ-e",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to the etymology above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "raffa f (plural raffe)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "it",
"name": "Sports",
"orig": "it:Sports",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "40 11 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"in the game of bocce, the act of throwing a boule on the ground to either hit another boule or the jack-ball"
],
"id": "en-raffa-it-noun-Jy42VUhD",
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"bocce",
"bocce"
],
[
"boule",
"boule"
],
[
"jack-ball",
"jack-ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) in the game of bocce, the act of throwing a boule on the ground to either hit another boule or the jack-ball"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raffa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 11 10 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 27 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of raffare"
],
"id": "en-raffa-it-verb-dSWOfSyC",
"links": [
[
"raffare",
"raffare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"roufen",
"roufen#Middle_High_German"
],
[
"roufen",
"roufen#Old_High_German"
],
[
"*raupijan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/raupijan"
],
[
"raufen",
"raufen#German"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "roufen"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German roufen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "goh",
"3": "roufen"
},
"expansion": "Old High German roufen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bar",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*raupijan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *raupijan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "raufen"
},
"expansion": "German raufen",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German roufen, from Old High German roufen, from Proto-West Germanic *raupijan. Cognate with German raufen.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graft",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "raffa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "graft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "raf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raffad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rafst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "raft",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffad",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "rafts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffads",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "raffan",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raffadn",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "raf",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rafts",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "raffn",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "raufn",
"tags": [
"alternative",
"Bavarian",
"Central",
"East"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"pp": "graft"
},
"expansion": "raffa (past participle graft)",
"name": "bar-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Bavarian",
"lang_code": "bar",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Bavarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Bavarian lemmas",
"Bavarian terms derived from Middle High German",
"Bavarian terms derived from Old High German",
"Bavarian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Old High German",
"Bavarian terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Bavarian terms with redundant script codes",
"Bavarian verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Bavarian/afːɐ"
],
"glosses": [
"to brawl, to scuffle, to fight"
],
"links": [
[
"brawl",
"brawl"
],
[
"scuffle",
"scuffle"
],
[
"fight",
"fight"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrafːɐ/"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q29540 (bar)-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/40/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav/LL-Q29540_%28bar%29-SarahFatimaK-raffa.wav.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-afːɐ"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian deverbals",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms suffixed with -a (deverbal)",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian uncountable nouns",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "di riffa o di raffa"
},
{
"word": "a ruffa raffa"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"arraffare",
"arraffare#Italian"
],
[
"-a",
"-a#Italian:_deverbal"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "arraffare",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "deverbal from arraffare + -a",
"name": "it-deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Likely a deverbal from arraffare + -a.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "raffa f (uncountable)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a word of undetermined meaning, only used in a few locutions"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian countable nouns",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian feminine nouns",
"Italian lemmas",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian nouns",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_text": "Perhaps related to the etymology above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "raffe",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f"
},
"expansion": "raffa f (plural raffe)",
"name": "it-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"it:Sports"
],
"glosses": [
"in the game of bocce, the act of throwing a boule on the ground to either hit another boule or the jack-ball"
],
"links": [
[
"sports",
"sports"
],
[
"bocce",
"bocce"
],
[
"boule",
"boule"
],
[
"jack-ball",
"jack-ball"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(sports) in the game of bocce, the act of throwing a boule on the ground to either hit another boule or the jack-ball"
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"topics": [
"hobbies",
"lifestyle",
"sports"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Italian 2-syllable words",
"Italian entries with incorrect language header",
"Italian non-lemma forms",
"Italian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Italian verb forms",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa",
"Rhymes:Italian/affa/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "raffa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"ràf‧fa"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"ràf‧fa"
]
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "raffare"
}
],
"glosses": [
"first-person singular present indicative of raffare"
],
"links": [
[
"raffare",
"raffare#Italian"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈraf.fa/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-affa"
}
],
"word": "raffa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raffa meaning in All languages combined (7.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.